Linux

lsblk
sudo umount....
format the partation: 
sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda1
sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda2
sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda
sudo dd if=.../ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso of=/dev/sda bs=4M status=progress && sync
resize the host
....
sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda
sudo fdisk -l
sudo fdisk  /dev/sda -> m, g, n, 1, Enter, w

sudo dd if=/dev/nvm..p1 of=/dev/sda1
sudo dd if=/dev/nvm..p3 of=/dev/sda2


from windows: Rufus
Disk can delete all partation in linux 
lsblk -f
sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda
from Linux:
sudo dd if=~/Downloads/ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso of=/dev/sda bs=4M status=progress && sync

one step to backup in USB

sudo dd if=/dev/nvmxx2 of=/dev/sda2 bs=4M status=progress && sync  

old setting insert SSD usb $ lsblk

check the partition of whole disk

$ sudo fdisk -l

check the detail partation

$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda

format sda  disk (can also for partition )

$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda

make new partiation distribation for backup

$ sudo dd if=/dev/nvmxx2 of=/dev/sda2 bs=4M status=progress && sync

backup the whole system disk into sda2 backup partition

$ disk resize the restore partation

this step can open the Disks in APP, and resize the system disk,
better if the system disk is 10GB bigger than the backup partition.
Later for backup again, don't forget resize it back to backup again

$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/nvmxxx2

clean the system partition

$ sudo dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/dev/nvmxx2 bs=4M status=progress && sync

should be just fine

for error : Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported……

grub > ls 
grub > ls (hd0,gptXX)/boot/grub

if XX partation returns many file, one is with grub.cfg, this is the one we want

grub > set root=(hd0,gptXX)
grub > set prefix=(hd0,gptXX)/boot/grub
grub > normal

enter the system

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install boot-repair
sudo grub-install /dev/where EFI partation is

1. WIN+R diskpart
2. select disk (Disk)
3. clean
4. new add 

1. 下载ubuntu
2. 下载USBwriter并安装
3. 写入系

my computer : F12

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update 
ubuntu-drivers devices
sudo apt-get --reinstall install nvidia-430
    1.  will be asked for password
    2.  reboot
    3.  select Enroll MOK -> continue -> Yes -> Roboot
nvidia-sim
watch -n 1 nvidia-smi

export LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8 sudo apt-get -y install language-pack-zh-hans 此应用压制中英文的同步变化, 尽量避免使用中文

NowSat Nov 5 12:29:50 2022, I just configured my computer for a time screensaver.

• link
• go the the link, for me only work with building from source, don't forget the dependence.

• after install it add following into ~/.xscreensaver under section of programs:

  gluqlo -root \n\
  

• install Xscreensaver if not with following, but before that, delete gnome-screensaver if exist.

  sudo apt-get install xscreensaver xscreensaver-data-extra xscreensaver-gl-extra
  

• start Screensaver application, find the Gluqlo, and set it to be the only one, more setting is option
• start startup application, add one as following, name and comment is as well(liberty)command is this: xscreensaver -nosplash

• lauch keyshort, add keyshort as following, key combination is as personal wish

  xscreensaver-command -lock
  

• change Wayland to xorg
  • sudo apt install xorg
  • sudo nano /etc/gdm3/custom.conf
  • WaylandEnable=false
• now test the keyshort

• apt install zsh
• download MesloLGS NF font
• download powerlevel10 with git
• exec zsh

sudo apt install firewalld add port : sudo firewall-cmd –add-port=80/tcp –permanent sudo firewall-cmd –remove-port=80/tcp –permanent restart firewall: sudo firewall-cmd –reload check port: sudo firewall-cmd –list-all

systemctl status firewalld systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld systemctl enable firewalld

1. $ xinput list 
   Find the Touchpad and its NAME and ID
2. $ xinput set-prop 'NAME' 'Device Enabled' 0
   to close the Touchpad
3. but with following can be named as tpOn and tpOff in ./bashrc
alias tpOff="xinput set-prop 'SYNA1D31:00 06CB:CD48 Touchpad' 'Device Enabled' 0"
alias tpOn="xinput set-prop 'SYNA1D31:00 06CB:CD48 Touchpad' 'Device Enabled' 1"
4. Close Touchpad default in boost system
   the following in ~/.config/autostart/xinput.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Exec=xinput set-prop 'SYNA1D31:00 06CB:CD48 Touchpad' 'Device Enabled' 0
Hidden=false
NoDisplay=false
X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true
Name[zh_CN]=touchpad enable
Name=touchpad enable

Thunderbird

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Exec=/usr/bin/thunderbird
Hidden=false
NoDisplay=false
X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true
Name[en_US]=thunderbird
Name=thunderbird
Comment[en_US]=thunderbird
Comment=thunderbird

在/etc/default/keyboard文件中添加:

XKBOPTIONS="ctrl:nocaps

or

setxkbmap -option ctrl:nocaps

setting for 右键没反应 $ sudo add-apt-repository universe $ sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad click-method areas

in Einstellung, the executable command can be used in command for customized hotkey

this command has been added to the .bashrc of the /root. only root user can call this command

alias freemem="sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches && swapoff -a && swapon -a && printf '\n%s\n' 'Ram-cache and Swap Cleared' "

• find the executable files and icon
• create the desktop setting file: /usr/share/applications/myapp.desktop
• change the settings and make it executable +x

• new works as normal

  #!/usr/bin/env xdg-open
  [Desktop Entry]
  Version=1.0
  Type=Application
  Terminal=false
  Exec=/path/to/yourapp
  Name=YourApp
  Comment=Description of YourApp
  Icon=/path/to/yourapp.png
  

add-apt-repository ppa:ultradvorka/ppa
apt-get update
apt-get install hstr

the hh

• assigne permition for delete

chmod -R u+rwx /usr/users/szhao/go-workspace/pkg/mod

• /ect/ssh/sshd_config
  • AllowedUsers cloud silin, allow such user login remotely

S-C-c : can copy out from terminal S-C-v : can paste into terminal C-h : backwards to delete C-j : enter C-k : cut after C-u : cut before

fdisk -l

fdisk /dev/nvme0n1p4 (m, p, n, ...)
mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p4
sudo emacs /etc/fstab
/dev/nvme0n1p4 /home/silin/4GB ext4 defaults 0 0

in /etc/fstab, the command must be correct, otherwise the system can't booted.

cat < source1.c >> source2.c (add source1.c to the end of source2.c)

echo $PATH | tr \: \\n

在~内找filename的文件 find ~ -name filename

找到.bash_{history内带有}"install"的内容 grep -n "install" .bash_history

copy 110.txt to 111.txt echo | cat 110.txt > 111.txt

> 擦除再写 >> 追加写入

读取.sdsv_{history的不重复内容}，再写入到.sdsv echo | sort -n .sdsv_history |uniq > .sdsv

tree -L 2
alias open='nautilus'
open .

sudo apt list --installed | grep software
whereis software
sudo apt-get --purge remove software
sudo apt-get autoremove

sudo passwd :to configure the password of root user

curl ifconfig.me

grep -n "xxx" ./test.txt sort (–reverse -t " " -k 3 ) test.csv

softlink

ln -s filename linkname // 快捷方式
ln -s sourcefile softlinkname
filename加上绝对路径，linkname被移动后，仍能访问访问文件

hard link

ln filename linkname   //硬链接
不占用磁盘空间，重复连接到文件的inode点。
可以在不同地方通过硬连接对文件进行操作

cd $(dirname $(which cling))

delete the repeat : awk '!a[$0]++' file.txt

ssh user@ip sshpass -p password ssh user@ip

ssh-keygen -r rsa and drei mal enter ssh-copy-id cloud@ip ssh-copy-id localhost(warming:username should not be hostname)

emacs /etc/ssh/sshd_config

1. PermitRootLogin yes
2. AllowUsers root OtherUser

comands xxx >> output file comands xxx &>> str error file

-x : extract -c: compose -v: show the process -z: with zip -f : such file

tar -zvcf xxx.tar.gz xxx
tar -zvxf xxx.tar.gz

1. sudo apt install fcitx
download sougou
2. sudo apt  --fix-broken install(after download)
3. export LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8 (for Emacs)

eog xxx.png to view png with bluit in software eog

sudo apt-get install okular
F2 to constimizer
F7 mode view
C-gg to the page
C-n page down
C-p page up
M-n scroll down
M-p scroll up
C-b C-b add Annoation, 1 to note
SPC-b add bookmark
SPC-SPC rename bookmark
SPC-n bookmark down
SPC-p bookmark up

sudo apt install xournal

evince xxx.pdf to view pdf file

download dictionaries from, http://download.huzheng.org/ and http://download.huzheng.org/zh_TW/ extract, and put them in usr/share/stardict/dic , if without this folder, create it with root

sudo apt install stardict
sudo apt install sdcv 
cd ~/Dropbox/cs/Tools
bzip2 -dk *.bz2
for i in *.tar.bz2; do sudo tar -xjvf "$i" -C /usr/share/stardict/dic ; done

sudo apt install kmplayer

sudo apt install simplescreenrecorder
alias ssr='simplescreenrecorder'
$ ssr
Ctrl + Shift + Alt + V start or pause 

C-j moive to left 
C-k moive to right

登陆photopea网站后，新建并上传图片
设置白色背景：图像 -> 调整 -> 色阶  点击下面的白色 后点击要处理的图片区域
去背景 ： 魔术棒 ， 点击去连续， 再直接delete

after edit a file.dot

dot -Tpng -O file.dot

gpg --list-secret-keys
gpg -r user -e xxx.file
gpg -d xxx.file.gpg
after change xxx.file :gpg --verify xxx.file.gpg

apt install

kedconnect on linux
kedconnect on android
with  the same internet connection can be found each other, and communication

The file can be found in Download folder of each devices

sudo apt install mpv

mpv.conf

no-osd-bar # 去掉白色进度条
save-position-on-quit # 关闭时记住文件播放位置
no-border # 去掉边框

# 解码-字幕
vo=opengl:gamma-auto:icc-profile-auto
hwdec=auto
autofit-larger=92%
playcache=8192
lang=zh,chi
video-sync=display-resample

sub-codepage=enca:zh:utf8
sub-auto=fuzzy
sub-text-font-size=40
sub-text-shadow-offset=0
sub-text-color="#ffffffff"
sub-text-font="STZhongsong"
sub-codepage=utf8:gb18030

screenshot-template=mpv-screenshot-%f-%p
screenshot-format=png

osd-font="STZhongsong"
osd-font-size=36

--script=/Users/yourname/.config/mpv/autoload.lua

autoload.lua

-- This script automatically loads playlist entries before and after the
-- the currently played file. It does so by scanning the directory a file is
-- located in when starting playback. It sorts the directory entries
-- alphabetically, and adds entries before and after the current file to
-- the internal playlist. (It stops if the it would add an already existing
-- playlist entry at the same position - this makes it "stable".)
-- Add at most 5000 * 2 files when starting a file (before + after).
MAXENTRIES = 5000

function Set (t)
    local set = {}
    for _, v in pairs(t) do set[v] = true end
    return set
end

EXTENSIONS = Set {
    'mkv', 'avi', 'mp4', 'ogv', 'webm', 'rmvb', 'flv', 'wmv', 'mpeg', 'mpg', 'm4v', '3gp',
    'mp3', 'wav', 'ogv', 'flac', 'm4a', 'wma',
}

mputils = require 'mp.utils'

function add_files_at(index, files)
    index = index - 1
    local oldcount = mp.get_property_number("playlist-count", 1)
    for i = 1, #files do
        mp.commandv("loadfile", files[i], "append")
        mp.commandv("playlist-move", oldcount + i - 1, index + i - 1)
    end
end

function get_extension(path)
    match = string.match(path, "%.([^%.]+)$" )
    if match == nil then
        return "nomatch"
    else
        return match
    end
end

table.filter = function(t, iter)
    for i = #t, 1, -1 do
        if not iter(t[i]) then
            table.remove(t, i)
        end
    end
end

function find_and_add_entries()
    local path = mp.get_property("path", "")
    local dir, filename = mputils.split_path(path)
    if #dir == 0 then
        return
    end
    local pl_count = mp.get_property_number("playlist-count", 1)
    if (pl_count > 1 and autoload == nil) or
       (pl_count == 1 and EXTENSIONS[string.lower(get_extension(filename))] == nil) then
        return
    else
        autoload = true
    end

    local files = mputils.readdir(dir, "files")
    if files == nil then
        return
    end
    table.filter(files, function (v, k)
        local ext = get_extension(v)
        if ext == nil then
            return false
        end
        return EXTENSIONS[string.lower(ext)]
    end)
    table.sort(files, function (a, b)
        local len = string.len(a) - string.len(b)
        if len ~= 0 then -- case for ordering filename ending with such as X.Y.Z
            local ext = string.len(get_extension(a)) + 1
            return string.sub(a, 1, -ext) < string.sub(b, 1, -ext)
        end
        return string.lower(a) < string.lower(b)
    end)

    if dir == "." then
        dir = ""
    end

    local pl = mp.get_property_native("playlist", {})
    local pl_current = mp.get_property_number("playlist-pos", 0) + 1
    -- Find the current pl entry (dir+"/"+filename) in the sorted dir list
    local current
    for i = 1, #files do
        if files[i] == filename then
            current = i
            break
        end
    end
    if current == nil then
        return
    end

    local append = {[-1] = {}, [1] = {}}
    for direction = -1, 1, 2 do -- 2 iterations, with direction = -1 and +1
        for i = 1, MAXENTRIES do
            local file = files[current + i * direction]
            local pl_e = pl[pl_current + i * direction]
            if file == nil or file[1] == "." then
                break
            end

            local filepath = dir .. file
            if pl_e then
                -- If there's a playlist entry, and it's the same file, stop.
                if pl_e.filename == filepath then
                    break
                end
            end

            if direction == -1 then
                if pl_current == 1 then -- never add additional entries in the middle
                    mp.msg.info("Prepending " .. file)
                    table.insert(append[-1], 1, filepath)
                end
            else
                mp.msg.info("Adding " .. file)
                table.insert(append[1], filepath)
            end
        end
    end

    add_files_at(pl_current + 1, append[1])
    add_files_at(pl_current, append[-1])
end

mp.register_event("start-file", find_and_add_entries)

sudo apt-get install libmpv-dev mpv

Alt to open the menubar,
Ansicht Anpassen to setting ungelesen

For Filter:
cd ~/.thunderbird/4r373mm9.default-release/ImapMail/imap.gmail.com
import msgFilterRules.dat to Gmail

Eversync sync all bookmarks between chrome and firefox with G Konten

download go-ipfs and untar
cp ipfs /usr/local/bin and sudo ./install.sh

sudo apt install ipfs

ipfs init
export EDITOR=/usr/bin/emacs
ipfs config edit
ipfs id
ipfs  help

mkdir IPFS
echo "balabalu" > hallo.org
ipfs add hallo.org  :get file_hash
ipfs cat file_hash
ipfs.io/ipfs/file_hash

push

ipfs add -r . (we get all file_hash(s), and a folder_hash(IPFS))
ipfs name publish folder_hash  (: to IDHASH)

in Webborser: ipfs.io/ipns/IDHASH


ipfs name resolve IDHASH : to HASH_file

特殊加密，暂时不用
ipfs key gen --type=rsa --size=2048 IPFS
ipfs name publish --key=IPFS folder_hash

ipfs config --json API.HTTPHeaders.Access-Control-Allow-Methods '["PUT", "GET", "POST","OPTIONS"]'

ipfs config --json API.HTTPHeaders.Access-Control-Allow-Origin '["*"]'

ipfs config --json API.HTTPHeaders.Access-Control-Allow-Credentials '["true"]'

ipfs config --json API.HTTPHeaders.Access-Control-Allow-Headers '["Authorization"]'

ipfs config --json API.HTTPHeaders.Access-Control-Expose-Headers '["Location"]'


http://localhost:5001/webui

ipfs files mkdir /Docu

ipfs files ls /Docu

ipfs file cp /ipfs/HASH

encrypt by terminal, once decrypt by emacs, just as normal file, can be edited anytime encrypt by emacs with password, passwd will be ask every time by after edit if epa-file-select-key is t

mount rsync

查看系统的磁盘 :lsblk 再将磁盘(也可以是某个分区)挂载到某个点 :

该磁盘可以是正在使用的磁盘或者分区

 mount /dev/disk /media/Linux
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/Backup

rsync -aAXv --delete --exclude=media target backup/LinuxBackUp20200316
my opera 

rsync -aAXv /home/sx/ /media/sx/A672BA1B72B9EFE3/linuxbackup/home/

如果要恢复，重复上面的过程，再将target backup 交换

1. systemlastanzeigen sudo apt install indicator-multiload
2. dependence

sudo apt-get install gir1.2-gtop-2.0 gir1.2-networkmanager-1.0 gir1.2-clutter-1.0

1. Ubuntu Software

search for : system moniter extension

1. install and configure performance

hostnamectl hostnamectl set-hostname cat /etc/hostname cat /etc/hosts

sudo apt install fcitx download sougou for linux sudo dpkg -i sougou…… fcitx set global restart configuration to add sougou chinese

$ local -a |grep zh sudo apt-get -y install language-pack-zh-hans $ local -a |grep zh to see zh is installed

export LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8 to language configuration and auto install drivers to zh_CN.UTF-8 so in emacs can input sougou, here we go

for a orgmode file with 汉字 pandoc xxxx.org -o xxxx.pdf pandoc xxxx.org -o xxxx.pdf –pdf-engine=xelatex 如果没有汉字支持

fc-list -f "%{family}\n"  :lang=zh
pandoc test.org -o test.pdf --pdf-engine=xelatex -V mainfont="AR PL KaitiM GB"

找到支持的格式，再指明

目标 ： 依赖 Tab 命令

实列文件：add.c head.h main.c maul.c sub.c 直接在terminal 用gcc ：$ gcc add.c main.c sub.c -o app

Makefile : $ touch Makefile

app: main.c add.c sub.c mul.c
    gcc main.c add.c sub.c mul.c 

$ make

Makefile : $ touch Makefile

app: main.o add.o sub.o mul.o
    gcc main.o add.o sub.o mul.o -o app

main.o: main.c
    gcc -c main.c -o main.o

add.o: add.c
    gcc -c add.c -o add.o

sub.o: sub.c
    gcc -c sub.c -o sub.o

mul.o: mul.c
    gcc -c mul.c -o mul.o

$ make 所有源文件的修改过，即时间戳晚于生成的目标文件，则重新编译

$@ :目标 $< :第一个依赖 $^ :所有依赖 Makefile : $ touch Makefile

obj =   main.o add.o sub.o mul.o
target = app

$(target):$(obj)
    gcc $(obj) -o $(target)  // gcc $^ -o $@

%.o:%.c
    gcc -c $< -o $@

$ make

wildcard :查找指定目录下的指定类型文件 src = $(wildcard ./*.c) 将当前目录下所有的.c 找到，并赋给src

patsubst :匹配替换 obj = $(patsubst %.c, %.o, $(src)) 将src中的所有.c替换为.o

Makefile : $ touch Makefile

src = $(wildcard ./*.c)
obj = $(patsubst %.c, %.o $(src))
target = app

$(target):$(obj)
    gcc $^ -o $@

%.o:%.c
    gcc -c $< -o $@

$ make 此文件在别的目录下也能使用

make 一般直接执行终结目标，但是可以直接指定make的函数 clean : 删除不必要的文件，-f : 强制删除，不管有没有该文件，- : 前置-后，遇到错误执行，直接跳过

src = $(wildcard ./*.c)
obj = $(patsubst %.c, %.o $(src))
target = app

$(target):$(obj)
    gcc $^ -o $@

%.o:%.c
    gcc -c $< -o $@

clean:
    rm $(obj) $(target)
    rm $(obj) $(target) -f
    -rm $(obj) $(target) -f

$ make $ make clean

Multi Process : Parallel single Process has more thread : Concurrency single thread can work in Synchronous or Asynchronous

Raw 文件
git rm --cached file, will only delete it in git, but still in my local directory

1. sudo apt install git
2. local configuration

git  config --global user.name "username1"
git  config --global user.email "email1"

git config –list

1. in local terminal

ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "email2"

and then just all enter as default warming: email1 == email2

1. go to Fold Docu1, and in terminal git init to create local  repository
2. apply github count with:
   Email: email3
   Username: username3
   Password:xxxx
3. in setting add ssh key from local document: ./ssh/id_rsa.pub
4. create web repository with name Docu2
   Warming: Docu1 == Docu2

1. in local computer Docu1, create our files and prepare to push to
   Github
2. git add && git commit -m ""
3. git remote add origin HTTPS/SSH(of the created web repository)
   warming: with  HTTPS will be ask the Username:username3 and
   password:xxxx every time for the push, but SSH note
4. git push -u origin master
5. username3 and xxxx if necessary
6. later push it only use git push origin master

C-x g  : open the git buffer
S or s : to stage
C      : to commit 
C-c C-c : to finish commit
P and p to push

sudo sysctl -w fs.inotify.max_userwatches=100000 reboot

ls